Types of Barcodes
EAN-13
Name: EAN-13
Also known as: GTIN-13, Retail Barcode, European Article Number
Encodable digits: 0-9
Length: 13 digits
Purpose: Identifying unique retail products at the point of sale
European Article Numbers (EAN barcodes) comprise 13 digits. They are used worldwide on all retail products except books and magazines. They are the most widely used barcodes globally, except in the USA and Canada, where UPC-A (Universal Product Code) barcodes are more common. In New Zealand, the EAN-13 is probably the barcode you need if you have products you wish to stock at a retail store.
Each EAN-13 is product-specific and encoded into a barcode image. This means that when the barcode is scanned into store systems, price and inventory data related to your product are recorded by the retailer. A different EAN-13 number, therefore, is required for each unique product.
UPC-A
Name: UPC-A
Also known as: Universal Product Code, Retail Barcode, GTIN-12
Encodable digits: 0-9
Length: 12 digits
Purpose: Identifying unique retail products at the point of sale
12-digit UPC Barcodes are used predominantly in the USA and Canada on all retail products, except for books and magazines. UPC barcodes predate EAN-13 codes and started appearing in stores in the USA in the 1970s. If you are selling in the US or Canada, you likely want to use a UPC-A code rather than an EAN-13 code.
EAN-8
Name: EAN-8
Also known as: European Article Number 8
Encodable digits: 0-9
Length: 8 digits
Purpose: Used for small products that cannot fit an EAN-13
A smaller globally unique barcode intended for VERY SMALL products – difficult to obtain and only available from GS1 (a membership organisation). EAN-8 barcodes are only 8 digits long – this means that there is a limited number of them, and hence GS1 guard them carefully. So to obtain these, you need to submit proof that your product is very small and wait to see if GS1 approves this.
ITF-14
Name: ITF-14
Also known as: TUN, Carton Code, GTIN-14
Encodable digits: 0-9
Length: 14 digits
Purpose: This is a carton code. Retailers use it to streamline their inward goods.
ITF-14 Carton Codes are created from EAN-13 and UPC-A barcodes. They are only used in warehouses on cartons containing a specific quantity of the product barcode represents. These codes are not for products that are sold individually at a retail level. For example, a case of wine sold as a single unit would need a retail barcode. You may need an ITF-14 code if you have a shipping carton full of wine bottles taken out and sold individually after they arrive at the shop.
ISBN
Name: ISBN
Also known as: Book Barcode, International Standard Book Number, ISBN Barcode
Encodable digits: 0-9
Length: 13 digits
Purpose: For selling books at the retail level
International Standard Book Numbers (ISBN) are unique numbers assigned to a book. ISBNs start with 978 and are distributed by ISBN agencies in each country (see isbn-international.org/agency). They can also be obtained through independent publishing agencies such as bookisbn.org.uk, used for self-publishing authors.
ISBN Barcodes are barcodes generated based on an ISBN. Each book has a unique ISBN, so this ensures no two ISBN barcodes will be the same, allowing retailers to easily keep track of each book when stocking and selling it.
ISSN
Name: ISSN
Also known as: International Standard Serial Number, Magazine Barcode, ISSN Barcode
Encodable digits: 0-9
Length: 13 digits plus 2- or 5-digit supplement
Purpose: ISSN barcodes are for magazines being sold over the checkout
Magazine barcodes are called ISSN barcodes, and they are based on a unique ISSN number that each magazine is assigned. If you intend to publish and sell a magazine, you will need an ISSN number obtained from the ISSN International Center. Once you have your number, it can be converted by a barcode company such as ourselves into a 13-digit unique retail barcode.
Code 39
Code 39 barcodes are used for internal unique numbering. This makes them appropriate for asset labeling, membership cards, library books, or any other internal item that needs to be tracked or managed. Nobody is regulating the uniqueness of these barcodes (unlike retail barcodes), so they cannot be used outside of a closed system. Code 39 barcodes have a low data density, which means each character they contain takes many bars and space. Due to this, these codes are not suited to very long strings of characters.
Code 128
Name: Code 128
Also known as: No alternative names
Encodable digits: All ASCII characters (128 characters)
Length: Variable
Purpose: Like Code 39 barcodes, these codes can be used for asset labels, name badges, membership cards, etc. Any closed system that needs unique identifiers
Code 128 barcodes are very similar to Code 39 in that they are unregulated codes suited for internal use. The main difference between the two is that Code 128s have a higher data density (more characters can be encoded in a smaller space) and can contain any ASCII character instead of just alphanumeric and some symbols.
Code 11
Code 11 barcodes are relatively simple, with a limited range of encodable digits. They are high-density, which means each character doesn’t take up much space. Telecom companies most often use code 11 barcodes to identify equipment and other important business assets.
Code 93
The Code 93 barcode is an updated version of Code 39, with more efficient encoding, more reliable scanning and a greater variety of characters. The uses are the same as Code 39, and Canada Post uses Code 93s for internal use.
GS1-128
The GS1-128 is a subset of the Code-128 barcodes mentioned above. However, these GS1 barcodes include only numbers, unlike the regular 128 codes. They can encode various product details, such as expiry date, packaging date, batch number, net weight, and more. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GS1-128 for details.
SSCC
Serial Shipping Container Codes are shipping codes that communicate which company a container, pallet, or outer carton has come from. These are different from ITF-14 container codes because they cover a shipment with several different products (and therefore EAN-13 codes), unlike ITF-14 codes, which are matched 1:1 with EAN codes. These SSCC codes are iterated by one for each order, so a retailer’s inwards good will know they are receiving the 20th shipment from a Generic Company (for example).
Codabar
The Codabar is a somewhat outdated barcode found in some dated internal inventory systems such as libraries. These codes are designed to function even when printed on low-quality paper or created with a mechanical printer (typewriter). It is similar to Code 39 but less versatile in what it can contain.
QR Code
Name: QR Code
Also known as: Quick Response Code, Matrix Barcode
Encodable digits: Alphanumeric and symbols
Length: Variable, more characters = more complex code
Purpose: Commonly used to encode a website URL, QR codes are extremely versatile and can contain almost anything
QR Codes have become a very common feature of marketing, advertising, and communicating digitally stored information through a physical object (the code). These barcodes can store more data than traditional 2D codes and are easy to scan with a smartphone.